Religious Dimension of Conflict and UN Peacebuilding in Central African Republic
Abstract
Despite being political, violent conflict in Central African Republic (CAR) have always had hidden dimensions that include ethnic and religious ones and this dimension resurfaced in recent development. This paper aims to assess the deliberation of religious dimension of conflict in UN Peacebuilding efforts while engaging civil society in its peacebuilding efforts and find out what these offices could do in empowering civil society participation in conflicts where religious dimension persists, to prevent further recurrence of violent conflict. Using CAR conflict as a case study, this paper will first observe religious dimension and the importance of engaging religious actors in peacebuilding. Second, drawing information from BONUCA and BINUCA as the manifestation of UN's peacebuilding activities in CAR as well as the nature of CAR conflicts, it will then seek to explore these offices engagement of religious actors as part of civil society involvement in UN peacebuilding effort. Third, the position of religious players and consideration of religious/faith-based aspect of conflict will be analysed and see what prospect it could bring in tackling violent conflict and what the UN could do. In helping CAR, UN PBC have the potential to play a central role in bridging both international community with material resources and religious leaders in domestic level with potential to build a bottom-up peacebuilding process.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
"60/180. The Peacebuilding Commission." In Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 20 Desember 2005, edited by United Nations. New York: United Nations, 2005.
Abu-Nimer, Muhammad. "Conflict Resolution, Culture and Religion: Toward a Training Model of Interreligious Peacebuilding." Journal of Peace Research 38, no. 6 (2001).
Annan, Kofi.
———. "Ninth Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (Minurca)." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2000.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General in Follow-up to the Statement by the President of the Security Council of 22 July 2005 on the Situation in the Central African Republic." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2005.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Peace-Building Support Office in That Country." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2000.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and the Activities of the United Nations Peace-Building Support Office in the Central African Republic." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2004.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and the Activities of the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in the Central African Republic ". New York: United Nations Security Council, 2006.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council on the Situation in the Central African Republic Pursuant to the Statement by the President." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2001.
———. "Report of the Secretary General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Peace-Building Support Office in the Central African Republic." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2001.
———. "The Situation in the Central African Republic and the Activities of the United Nations Peace-Building Support Office in the Central African Republic." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2003.
———. "Third Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Peace-Building Support Office in the Central African Republic (Bonuca)." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2001.
Brubaker, Rogers. "Religious Dimension of Political Conflict and Violence." Sociological Theory 33, no. 1 (2015): 1-19.
Carvalho, Gustavo de, and Amanda Lucey. "Fractured Peacebuilding in the Central African Republic: Lessons for African Union Engagement." In Policy Brief: Institute for Security Studies, 2016.
"Coordination Nationale Pour La Reintegration." United Nations, https://binuca.unmissions.org/coordination-nationale-pour-la-r%C3%A9int%C3%A9gration.
Council, United Nations Security. "Chapter V - Subsidiary Organs of the Security Council." In Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council, edited by United Nations Security Council. New York: United Nations Security Council, 2015.
Cox, Brian, and Daniel Philpott. "Faith-Based Diplomacy: An Ancient Idea Newly Emergent." Brandywine Review of Faith & International Affairs (Fall 2003).
Fernandez, Antonio Deinde. "Letter Dated 11 March 1998 from the Permanent Representative of the Central African Republic to the United Nations Addressed to the President of the Security Council." New York: United Nations Security Council, 1998.
Galtung, Johan. "Three Approaches to Peace: Peacekeeping, Peacemaking and Peacebuilding." Chap. 11 In Essays in Peace Research, edited by Johan Galtung, 282-305. Copenhagen: Ejslers, 1975.
Heller, Claude, and Patricia Espinosa. "Statement by the President of the Security Council." edited by United Nations Security Council. New York, 2009.
Isaacs-Martin, Wendy. "Political and Ethnic Identity in Violent Conflict: Case of Central African Republic." International Journal of Conflict and Violence 10, no. 1 (2016): 25-39.
Kane, Mouhamadou. "Interreligious Violence in the Central African Republic." African Security Review 23, no. 3 (2014): 312-17.
Ki-moon, Ban. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2013.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in That Country ". New York: United Nations Security Council, 2010.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in That Country ". New York: United Nations Security Council, 2011.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in That Country." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2012.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in That Country ". New York: United Nations Security Council, 2008.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in That Country ". New York: United Nations Security Council, 2009.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and the Activities of the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in the Central African Republic." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2007.
Lambourne, Wendy. "Towards Sustainable Peace and Development in Sierra Leone: Civil Society and the Peacebuilding Commission." Journal of Peacebuilding and Development 4, no. 2 (2012): 47-59.
Little, David. "Phenomena of Faith: Religious Dimension of Conflicts and Peace." Harvard International Review 26, no. 4 (2005): 20 - 23.
Miller, Donald E. "Civil Society and Religion." In The Oxford Handbook of Civil Society, edited by Michael Edwards. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Morse, Jane. "Religious Leaders Work for Peace in Central African Republic." Mission of the United States, Geneva, Switzerland, https://geneva.usmission.gov/2014/01/17/religious-leaders-work-for-peace-in-central-african-republic/.
Paffenholz, Thania. "Civil Society and Peacebuilding." In Civil Society & Peacebuilding: A Critical Assessment, edited by Thania Paffenholz. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2010.
Petri, Dennis P. "Central African Republic: Religious Persecution and Political Conflict." Religious Freedom Institute, https://www.religiousfreedominstitute.org/cornerstone/2016/7/14/central-african-republic-religious-persecution-and-political-conflict.
"Political Missions and Offices." http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/special_political_complete.shtml.
"Report of the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations on Uniting Our Strengths for Peace: Politics, Partnership and People." edited by United Nations General Assembly and United Nations Security Council. New York: United Nations, 2015.
Reuters. "Dozens Killed in Central African Republic Massacre." http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/dozens-killed-central-african-republic-massacre-160918040453325.html.
Steen-Johnsen, Tale. State and Politics in Religious Peacebuilding. Palgrave Studies in Compromise after Conflict. Edited by John D. Brewer London: The Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
Svensson, Isak. "Fighting with Faith: Religion and Conflict Resolution in Civil Wars." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 51, no. 6 (2007): 930 - 49.
Vine, Victor Le. "The Coup in the Central African Republic." Africa Today 15, no. 2 (1968): 12-14.
Vircoulon, Thierry. "Analysis of Conflict and Peacebuilding in the Central African Republic." Conciliation Resources, 2015.
Abu-Nimer, Muhammad. "Conflict Resolution, Culture and Religion: Toward a Training Model of Interreligious Peacebuilding." Journal of Peace Research 38, no. 6 (2001).
Annan, Kofi.
———. "Ninth Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (Minurca)." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2000.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General in Follow-up to the Statement by the President of the Security Council of 22 July 2005 on the Situation in the Central African Republic." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2005.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Peace-Building Support Office in That Country." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2000.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and the Activities of the United Nations Peace-Building Support Office in the Central African Republic." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2004.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and the Activities of the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in the Central African Republic ". New York: United Nations Security Council, 2006.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council on the Situation in the Central African Republic Pursuant to the Statement by the President." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2001.
———. "Report of the Secretary General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Peace-Building Support Office in the Central African Republic." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2001.
———. "The Situation in the Central African Republic and the Activities of the United Nations Peace-Building Support Office in the Central African Republic." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2003.
———. "Third Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Peace-Building Support Office in the Central African Republic (Bonuca)." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2001.
Brubaker, Rogers. "Religious Dimension of Political Conflict and Violence." Sociological Theory 33, no. 1 (2015): 1-19.
Carvalho, Gustavo de, and Amanda Lucey. "Fractured Peacebuilding in the Central African Republic: Lessons for African Union Engagement." In Policy Brief: Institute for Security Studies, 2016.
"Coordination Nationale Pour La Reintegration." United Nations, https://binuca.unmissions.org/coordination-nationale-pour-la-r%C3%A9int%C3%A9gration.
Council, United Nations Security. "Chapter V - Subsidiary Organs of the Security Council." In Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council, edited by United Nations Security Council. New York: United Nations Security Council, 2015.
Cox, Brian, and Daniel Philpott. "Faith-Based Diplomacy: An Ancient Idea Newly Emergent." Brandywine Review of Faith & International Affairs (Fall 2003).
Fernandez, Antonio Deinde. "Letter Dated 11 March 1998 from the Permanent Representative of the Central African Republic to the United Nations Addressed to the President of the Security Council." New York: United Nations Security Council, 1998.
Galtung, Johan. "Three Approaches to Peace: Peacekeeping, Peacemaking and Peacebuilding." Chap. 11 In Essays in Peace Research, edited by Johan Galtung, 282-305. Copenhagen: Ejslers, 1975.
Heller, Claude, and Patricia Espinosa. "Statement by the President of the Security Council." edited by United Nations Security Council. New York, 2009.
Isaacs-Martin, Wendy. "Political and Ethnic Identity in Violent Conflict: Case of Central African Republic." International Journal of Conflict and Violence 10, no. 1 (2016): 25-39.
Kane, Mouhamadou. "Interreligious Violence in the Central African Republic." African Security Review 23, no. 3 (2014): 312-17.
Ki-moon, Ban. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2013.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in That Country ". New York: United Nations Security Council, 2010.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in That Country ". New York: United Nations Security Council, 2011.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in That Country." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2012.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in That Country ". New York: United Nations Security Council, 2008.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and on the Activities of the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in That Country ". New York: United Nations Security Council, 2009.
———. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in the Central African Republic and the Activities of the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in the Central African Republic." New York: United Nations Security Council, 2007.
Lambourne, Wendy. "Towards Sustainable Peace and Development in Sierra Leone: Civil Society and the Peacebuilding Commission." Journal of Peacebuilding and Development 4, no. 2 (2012): 47-59.
Little, David. "Phenomena of Faith: Religious Dimension of Conflicts and Peace." Harvard International Review 26, no. 4 (2005): 20 - 23.
Miller, Donald E. "Civil Society and Religion." In The Oxford Handbook of Civil Society, edited by Michael Edwards. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Morse, Jane. "Religious Leaders Work for Peace in Central African Republic." Mission of the United States, Geneva, Switzerland, https://geneva.usmission.gov/2014/01/17/religious-leaders-work-for-peace-in-central-african-republic/.
Paffenholz, Thania. "Civil Society and Peacebuilding." In Civil Society & Peacebuilding: A Critical Assessment, edited by Thania Paffenholz. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2010.
Petri, Dennis P. "Central African Republic: Religious Persecution and Political Conflict." Religious Freedom Institute, https://www.religiousfreedominstitute.org/cornerstone/2016/7/14/central-african-republic-religious-persecution-and-political-conflict.
"Political Missions and Offices." http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/special_political_complete.shtml.
"Report of the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations on Uniting Our Strengths for Peace: Politics, Partnership and People." edited by United Nations General Assembly and United Nations Security Council. New York: United Nations, 2015.
Reuters. "Dozens Killed in Central African Republic Massacre." http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/dozens-killed-central-african-republic-massacre-160918040453325.html.
Steen-Johnsen, Tale. State and Politics in Religious Peacebuilding. Palgrave Studies in Compromise after Conflict. Edited by John D. Brewer London: The Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
Svensson, Isak. "Fighting with Faith: Religion and Conflict Resolution in Civil Wars." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 51, no. 6 (2007): 930 - 49.
Vine, Victor Le. "The Coup in the Central African Republic." Africa Today 15, no. 2 (1968): 12-14.
Vircoulon, Thierry. "Analysis of Conflict and Peacebuilding in the Central African Republic." Conciliation Resources, 2015.
Published
2024-07-31
Section
Articles
