Efektivitas E-Liquid Daun Bungkus (Smilax Rotundifolia) Terhadap Nyamuk Anopheles Penyebab Malaria

Abstract

Malaria is a public health problem that predominantly occurs in Eastern Indonesia. Papua is a highly endemic area for Anopheles mosquitoes. According to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), malaria is the target disease for pandemic elimination by 2030. The highest cases are in the eastern region of Indonesia with a percentage reaching 86%. Efforts have been made to prevent the transmission of malaria by the local government, such as the distribution of insecticide-treated mosquito nets and the proliferation of various types of mosquito repellent. Currently, the government itself is preventing the spread of malaria by distributing insecticide-treated mosquito nets and using mosquito repellent, but this has detrimental impacts. Insecticide-treated bed nets can decrease in effectiveness over time. Using mosquito coils can trigger respiratory problems and cause mucosal cells to enlarge (hypertropy) and mucous glands to increase in number (hyperplasia) resulting in narrowing of the airways. So there is a need for other alternatives, one of which is wrap leaves (Smilax rotundifolia) as a vegetable insecticide. Wrap leaves (Smilax rotundifolia) contain saponin which has stomach poisoning properties for insects. This research uses a true experimental design method to see the effectiveness of e-liquid leaf wrap. This research used 150 mosquitoes obtained from areas with high malaria cases in the Sorong area. Mosquitoes were divided into 3 groups consisting of a 30 minute time group, a 60 minute time group and a 90 minute time group. By giving the same treatment to each group, namely a concentration of 20% of the active substance of wrapper leaves (Smilax rotundifolia). The results of this study show that there is an effect of a 20% concentration of e-liquid in the leaves of the wrapper (Silax rotundifolia) on Anopheles mosquitoes, which is proven by mosquitoes that are knocked off and die.