The Digital Political Revolution: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Based Political Campaigns on Voter Perceptions and Decisions in Generation Z In Indonesia
Abstract
Rapid technological advances are transforming artificial intelligence (AI) into a very powerful tool in political campaigns, almost all digital platforms make it possible to personalize content and connect directly to voters. The purpose of this study is to explain the influence of AI-based political campaigns on the perceptions and decisions of Generation Z voters in Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method to 395 respondents aged 17-29 years, active in various social media and participating in the 2024 Presidential Election. The results of the study explain that the effect of artificial intelligence (AI)-based political campaigns on perceptions is 91.5% and voter decisions is 96.7%, this explains that artificial intelligence (AI)-based political campaigns have a very significant influence on the perceptions and decisions of Generation Z voters in Indonesia. The practical implications of AI-based political campaigns include being able to personalize campaigns more effectively, optimizing campaign resources, managing candidate images, increasing voter interaction, and monitoring and regulating ethics.
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References
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Widodo, Y. (2023, October 16). Politics and Elections in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved from https://www.kompas.id/baca/opini/2023/10/15/politik-dan-pemilu-di-era-kecerdasan-buatan
Xavier, J. (2021, December 3). Deepfakes enter Indian election campaigns. Retrieved from https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/deepfakes-enter-indian-election-campaigns/article61628550.ece
Akbar, S. Z., Panda, A., & Pal, J. (2022). Political hazard: misinformation in the 2019 Indian general election campaign. South Asian History and Culture, 13*(3), 399-417. https://doi.org/10.1080/19472498.2022.2095596
Anshari, F. (2013). Political Communication in the Era of Social Media. Journal of Communication, 8(1), 91-101. http://dosen.univpancasila.ac.id/dosenfile/7014211002154994371612February2019.pdf
Ardipandanto, A. (2023). The Role of the Election Supervisory Agency in Reducing Hoaxes Ahead of the 2024 Election. Retrieved from https://berkas.dpr.go.id/puslit/files/info_singkat/Info%20Singkat-XV-18-II-P3DI-September-2023-203.pdf?1705999393
Babbie, E. (2016). The Practice of Social Research. Cengage Lea.
Baldwin-Philippi, J. (2019). Data campaigning: between empirics and assumptions. Internet Policy Review, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.14763/2019.4.1437
Bahri, P. R., Asmara, H. M. G., & Risnain, M. (2024). Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Campaign in the Implementation of General Elections. RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary, 9(2), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2024.v09.n02.012
Bungin, B. (2018). Quantitative Research Methodology for Economic Communication and Public Policy and Other Social Sciences. Depok: Prenadamedia Group.
CNNIndonesia. (2023, December 20). Can AI be Used for Campaigns and What are the Effects? Retrieved from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20231220195003-192-1039896/bolehkah-ai-dipakai-buat-kampanye-dan-apa-efeknya
De Figueiredo Simão Leal, L., & De Moraes Filho, J. F. (2020). Artificial intelligence and democracy: can algorithms influence an electoral campaign? Brazilian Journal of Fundamental Rights & Justice, 13(41), 343-356. https://doi.org/10.30899/dfj.v13i41.793
De Análise De Políticas Públicas, F. G. V. D., & Ruediger, M. A. (2017). Bots, social networks and politics in Brazil: a study on illegitimate interferences with the public debate on the web, risks to the democracy and the 2018 elections. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10438/29095
Febriandy, R. K., & Revolusi, P. (2024). Digital Storytelling as Political Image Construction in the 2024 Presidential Election Campaign: Case Study of the TikTok Account @Gibran_Rakabuming. International Journal of Social Science, 4(2), 191-204. https://doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v4i2.8323
Ghozali, I. (2016). Application of Multivariete Analysis with IBM SPSS 23 Program. 8th Edition. Semarang: Diponegoro University Publishing Agency.
Greenwood, S. (2024, April 14). How Pew Research Center will report on generations moving forward. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/22/how-pew-research-center-will-report-on-generations-moving-forward/
Heesen, J., Bieber, C., Grunwald, A., Matzner, T., & Roßnagel, A. (2021). AI systems and the individual electoral decision. Lernende Systeme. Munich, Germany. Retrieved from https://www.plattform-lernende systeme.de/files/Downloads/Publikationen_EN/AG3_WP_Executive_Summary_AI_and_electoral_decision.pdf
Hegselmann, R., König, S., Kurz, S., Niemann, C., & Rambau, J. (2014). Optimal Opinion Control: The Campaign Problem. arXiv (Cornell University). https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1410.8419
Juliandi, B. (2023, October 3). The Role of AI May Impact 2024 Election Activities. Retrieved from http://fmipa.ipb.ac.id/dr-berry-juliandi-sebut-peran-ai-dapat-berdampak-pada-aktivitas-pemilu-2024/
Kadarisman, M. (2021). Political Dynamics in Public Administration Reform. Social Science Review, 2(1), 24-40.
Khong, Y. (2020). Opportunities and Risks of Using AI in Political Advertising. Center for Digital Society. Retrieved from https://cfds.fisipol.ugm.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/1423/2021/02/64-CfDS-Case-Study-Peluang-dan-Risiko-Penggunaan-AI-dalam-Iklan-Politik.pdf
Mirza, I. M. M. (2023). Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Political Advertisement Towards Indonesian Society 5.0. VISUALIDEAS, 3(2), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.33197/visualideas.vol3.iss2.2023.1442
Muliawati, F. D. (2024, Februrary 24). Foreign Media Highlights 2024 Presidential Election, AI Involvement. Retrieved from https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20240208133842-37-512853/media-asing-sorot-pilpres-2024-ada-keterlibatan-ai
Rivera, J. (2020). Donald Trump's 2020 campaign app gets a boost with Phunware partnership, one day after Twitter fact-check. USA TODAY. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com
Safiullah, M., & Parveen, N. (2022). Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A Paradigm Shift in Election Campaigns. The New Advanced Society, 247-261. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119884392.ch11
Simarmata, S. (2023, August 19). Artificial Intelligence and Negative Campaigns. Retrieved from https://www.kompas.id/baca/opini/2023/08/18/kecerdasan-buatan-dan-kampanye-negatif
Stier, S., Breuer, J., Siegers, P., & Thorson, K. (2019). Integrating Survey Data and Digital Trace Data: Key Issues in Developing an Emerging Field. Social Science Computer Review, 38(5), 503-516. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439319843669
Suryadi, E. (2019). Communication Research Methods (With a Quantitative Approach). Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Tomić, Z., Damnjanović, T., & Tomić, I. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Political Campaigns. South Eastern European Journal of Communication, 5(2), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.47960/2712-0457.2.5.1
Trasys International, NRB Group. (2021). Study on the impact of new technologies on free and fair elections: Literature Review. European Commission. Retrieved from https://pmo.trasys.be/confluence/display/DGJUSTELECTION/DG+JUST_Elections+study
Twenge, J. M. (2017). iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy-and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood and What That Means for the Rest of Us. New York, NY: Atria.
West, D. M. (2023, May 3). How AI will transform the 2024 elections. Brookings. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu
Widodo, Y. (2023, October 16). Politics and Elections in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved from https://www.kompas.id/baca/opini/2023/10/15/politik-dan-pemilu-di-era-kecerdasan-buatan
Xavier, J. (2021, December 3). Deepfakes enter Indian election campaigns. Retrieved from https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/deepfakes-enter-indian-election-campaigns/article61628550.ece
Published
2024-10-31
How to Cite
Febriandy, R., & Revolusi, P. (2024). The Digital Political Revolution: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Based Political Campaigns on Voter Perceptions and Decisions in Generation Z In Indonesia. INTERACTION: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa, 11(2), 444-458. https://doi.org/10.36232/jurnalpendidikanbahasa.v11i2.7113
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Articles
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